Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been extensively studied in the literature due to their broad biocidal ability byforming of silver complexes with various cell parts such as responsible proteins for RNA-DNA replication or cell membrane. Ag-NPs therefore inhibit vital functions of the target cell.Colloidal Ag-NPs have been used in disinfection products for wound healing, animal husbandry, surface and air disinfectant to fight with the variety of infections.Ag-NPs are susceptible to environmental conditions based on the product content such as pH, ion type, concentration, electronegativity and viscosity of the medium where nanoparticles either agglomerate or aggregate. To gain and preserve anti-microbial property of Ag-NPs, stability of particlesholds critical importance.Herein, product development strategy based on nanoparticle stability is highly important to achieve the desired abilities of NP.In literature, formulations containing chlorine ion such as chlorhexidine or NaCl produce AgCl bridges between the particles found to inhibit its anti-bacterial ability due to aggregation. At pH values lower than 5.5, Ag-NPs starts lose their electrostatic OH- barrier which results with agglomeration. However, using oxidants in the synthesis, oxidizes Ag0 to Ag+ leading to dissolution of Ag-NPs. The behavior of Ag NPs can be observed using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential measurements while the relation between the biological efficiency of Ag-NPs can be measured with disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. With this product development strategy, synthesizing Ag-NPs with minimum amount of silver, efficient and highly stable could be achieved for sterilization applications.With this development strategy to use Ag-NPs, stable and efficient formulations could be developed using minimum amount of silver for such products.
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